GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rmPublished

Hono: Cache Middleware ignores Vary: Authorization / Vary: Cookie leading to cross-user cache leakage

Collected exploitation and prediction evidence

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

cve-program · CVE-2026-44457

Published

Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.12.18, Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via Vary: Authorization or Vary: Cookie. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.12.18.

Source published: 13 May 2026 14:58:52 UTC
Source modified: 18 May 2026 14:07:53 UTC
Observed here: 23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC
Source terms: CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

euvd · EUVD-2026-30036

Published

EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON.

Original publisher date fields

datePublished: May 13, 2026, 2:58:52 PM

dateUpdated: May 18, 2026, 2:07:53 PM

Source published: May 13, 2026, 2:58:52 PM (timezone not stated)
Source modified: May 18, 2026, 2:07:53 PM (timezone not stated)
Observed here: 28 Oct 2026 06:07:41 UTC
Source terms: ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

nvd · CVE-2026-44457

Published

NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON.

Source analysis status: Analyzed

Weakness classifications: CWE-524

Original publisher date fields

published: 2026-05-13T16:16:57.700

lastModified: 2026-10-26T14:10:00.130

1 source CPE criteria · context only

cpe:2.3:a:hono:hono:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

The original JSON retains the logical configuration operators, exclusions and version bounds.

Source published: 13 May 2026 16:16:57 UTC
Source modified: 26 Oct 2026 14:10:00 UTC
Observed here: 27 Oct 2026 11:12:17 UTC
Source terms: NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.3 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

osv · GHSA-p77w-8qqv-26rm

Published

### Summary Cache Middleware does not skip caching for responses that declare per-user variance via `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie`. As a result, a response cached for one authenticated user may be served to subsequent requests from different users. ### Details The Cache Middleware skips caching when a response carries `Vary: *`, certain `Cache-Control` directives (`private`, `no-store`, `no-cache`), or `Set-Cookie`. However, `Vary: Authorization` and `Vary: Cookie` — the standard signals defined in RFC 9110 / RFC 9111 to indicate per-user responses — are not treated as cache-skip reasons. This issue arises when applications use the Cache Middleware on endpoints that return user-specific data and rely on `Vary: Authorization` or `Vary: Cookie` to scope the response per user, without also setting `Cache-Control: private`. ### Impact A user may receive a cached response that was originally generated for a different authenticated user. This may lead to: - Disclosure of personally identifiable information or other user-specific data present in the response body - Inconsistent or incorrect behavior in user-specific endpoints This issue affects applications that use the Cache Middleware on endpoints whose responses vary by `Authorization` or `Cookie` and that do not also set `Cache-Control: private`.

Source published: 9 May 2026 00:28:46 UTC
Source modified: 10 Sep 2026 03:51:06 UTC
Observed here: 24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC
Source terms: GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Publisher rating · MODERATE