nocobase JWT Service jwt-service.ts hard-coded key

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

A vulnerability was detected in nocobase up to 1.9.4/2.0.0-alpha.37. The affected element is an unknown function of the file nocobase\packages\core\auth\src\base\jwt-service.ts of the component JWT Service. The manipulation of the argument API_KEY results in use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack can be launched remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Source published

2 Dec 2025 16:02:05 UTC

Source modified

2 Dec 2025 16:18:30 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 6.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

CVSS 3.1 · 5.6 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

CVSS 3.0 · 5.6 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

CVSS 2.0 · 5.1 AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR

A vulnerability was detected in nocobase up to 1.9.4/2.0.0-alpha.37. The affected element is an unknown function of the file nocobase\packages\core\auth\src\base\jwt-service.ts of the component JWT Service. The manipulation of the argument API_KEY results in use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack can be launched remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Source published

Dec 2, 2025, 4:02:05 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Dec 2, 2025, 4:18:30 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

9 Nov 2026 02:11:34 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 4.0 · 6.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

A vulnerability was detected in nocobase up to 1.9.4/2.0.0-alpha.37. The affected element is an unknown function of the file nocobase\packages\core\auth\src\base\jwt-service.ts of the component JWT Service. The manipulation of the argument API_KEY results in use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack can be launched remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Source published

2 Dec 2025 16:15:54 UTC

Source modified

18 Oct 2026 18:10:00 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 01:17:29 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 2.9 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.6 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS 2.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.1 AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

## Duplicate Advisory This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-mv7p-34fv-4874. This link is maintained to preserve external references. ## Original Description A vulnerability was detected in nocobase up to 1.9.4/2.0.0-alpha.37. The affected element is an unknown function of the file nocobase\packages\core\auth\src\base\jwt-service.ts of the component JWT Service. The manipulation of the argument API_KEY results in use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack can be launched remotely. A high complexity level is associated with this attack. The exploitability is described as difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Source published

2 Dec 2025 18:30:35 UTC

Source modified

9 Dec 2025 17:52:13 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS_V4 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Publisher rating · LOW

### Impact CVE-2025-13877 is an **authentication bypass vulnerability caused by insecure default JWT key usage** in NocoBase Docker deployments. Because the official one-click Docker deployment configuration historically provided a **public default JWT key**, attackers can **forge valid JWT tokens without possessing any legitimate credentials**. By constructing a token with a known `userId` (commonly the administrator account), an attacker can directly bypass authentication and authorization checks. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to: - Bypass authentication entirely - Impersonate arbitrary users - Gain full administrator privileges - Access sensitive business data - Create, modify, or delete users - Access cloud storage credentials and other protected secrets The vulnerability is **remotely exploitable**, requires **no authentication**, and **public proof-of-concept exploits are available**. This issue is functionally equivalent in impact to other JWT secret exposure vulnerabilities such as **CVE-2024-43441** and **CVE-2025-30206**. Deployments that used the default Docker configuration without explicitly overriding the JWT secret are affected. --- ### Patches ✅ The vulnerability has been **fully patched** through a secure JWT key management redesign. The remediation enforces the following security guarantees: - JWT secrets are no longer allowed to fall back to public default values. - Secrets must either: - Be explicitly provided by the user, or - Be securely generated using cryptographically strong randomness at first startup. - Generated secrets are persisted securely with restricted filesystem permissions. - Invalid or weak secret values immediately trigger a startup failure. ✅ Fixed Versions: - **NocoBase ≥ 1.9.23** - **NocoBase ≥ 1.9.0-beta.18** - **NocoBase ≥ 2.0.0-alpha.52** --- ### Workarounds If upgrading is not immediately possible, the following temporary mitigations **must** be performed to reduce risk: 1. Explicitly set a **strong, randomly generated JWT secret** via environment variables `APP_KEY`. 2. **Restart all running NocoBase instances** so the new secret takes effect. 3. **Invalidate all existing JWT sessions**, forcing complete user re-authentication. 4. Verify that **no default secret values** are present in: - `docker-compose.yml` - `.env` files - Kubernetes Secrets --- ### References - **CVE Record:** CVE-2025-13877 - **VulDB Entry:** https://vuldb.com/?id.334033 - **Public Exploit Proof:** https://gist.github.com/H2u8s/f3ede60d7ecfe598ae452aa5a8fbb90d - **Affected Default Docker Configurations:** - https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/blob/main/docker/app-mysql/docker-compose.yml#L13 - https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/blob/main/docker/app-mariadb/docker-compose.yml#L13 - https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/blob/main/docker/app-postgres/docker-compose.yml#L11 - https://github.com/nocobase/nocobase/blob/main/docker/app-sqlite/docker-compose.yml#L11 - **Official Deployment Documentation:** - https://docs.nocobase.com/welcome/getting-started/installation/docker-compose - https://v2.docs.nocobase.com/get-started/installation/docker

Source published

9 Dec 2025 17:42:53 UTC

Source modified

9 Dec 2025 17:57:52 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V4 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Publisher rating · MODERATE