Valibot has a ReDoS vulnerability in `EMOJI_REGEX`

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

Valibot helps validate data using a schema. In versions from 0.31.0 to 1.1.0, the EMOJI_REGEX used in the emoji action is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. A short, maliciously crafted string (e.g., <100 characters) can cause the regex engine to consume excessive CPU time (minutes), leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) for the application. This issue has been patched in version 1.2.0.

Source published

26 Nov 2025 01:49:38 UTC

Source modified

26 Nov 2025 14:16:54 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Valibot helps validate data using a schema. In versions from 0.31.0 to 1.1.0, the EMOJI_REGEX used in the emoji action is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. A short, maliciously crafted string (e.g., <100 characters) can cause the regex engine to consume excessive CPU time (minutes), leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) for the application. This issue has been patched in version 1.2.0.

Source published

26 Nov 2025 02:15:49 UTC

Source modified

23 Oct 2026 22:10:00 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 03:17:36 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

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CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

### Summary The `EMOJI_REGEX` used in the `emoji` action is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. A short, maliciously crafted string (e.g., <100 characters) can cause the regex engine to consume excessive CPU time (minutes), leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) for the application. ### Details The ReDoS vulnerability stems from "catastrophic backtracking" in the `EMOJI_REGEX`. This is caused by ambiguity in the regex pattern due to overlapping character classes. Specifically, the class `\p{Emoji_Presentation}` overlaps with more specific classes used in the same alternation, such as `[\u{1F1E6}-\u{1F1FF}]` (regional indicator symbols used for flags) and `\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}`. When the regex engine attempts to match a string that almost matches but ultimately fails (like the one in the PoC), this ambiguity forces it to explore an exponential number of possible paths. The matching time increases exponentially with the length of the crafted input, rather than linearly. ### PoC The following code demonstrates the vulnerability. ```javascript import * as v from 'valibot'; const schema = v.object({ x: v.pipe(v.string(), v.emoji()), }); const attackString = '\u{1F1E6}'.repeat(49) + '0'; console.log(`Input length: ${attackString.length}`); console.log('Starting parse... (This will take a long time)'); // On my machine, a length of 99 takes approximately 2 minutes. console.time(); try { v.parse(schema, {x: attackString }); } catch (e) {} console.timeEnd(); ``` ### Impact Any project using Valibot's `emoji` validation on user-controllable input is vulnerable to a Denial of Service attack. An attacker can block server resources (e.g., a web server's event loop) by submitting a short string to any endpoint that uses this validation. This is particularly dangerous because the attack string is short enough to bypass typical input length restrictions (e.g., maxLength(100)). ### Recommended Fix The root cause is the overlapping character classes. This can be resolved by making the alternatives mutually exclusive, typically by using negative lookaheads (`(?!...)`) to subtract the specific classes from the more general one. The following modified `EMOJI_REGEX` applies this principle: ```javascript export const EMOJI_REGEX: RegExp = // eslint-disable-next-line redos-detector/no-unsafe-regex, regexp/no-dupe-disjunctions -- false positives /^(?:[\u{1F1E6}-\u{1F1FF}]{2}|\u{1F3F4}[\u{E0061}-\u{E007A}]{2}[\u{E0030}-\u{E0039}\u{E0061}-\u{E007A}]{1,3}\u{E007F}|(?:\p{Emoji}\uFE0F\u20E3?|\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}\p{Emoji_Modifier}?|(?![\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}\u{1F1E6}-\u{1F1FF}])\p{Emoji_Presentation})(?:\u200D(?:\p{Emoji}\uFE0F\u20E3?|\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}\p{Emoji_Modifier}?|(?![\p{Emoji_Modifier_Base}\u{1F1E6}-\u{1F1FF}])\p{Emoji_Presentation}))*)+$/u; ```

Source published

26 Nov 2025 19:33:34 UTC

Source modified

26 Nov 2025 20:28:24 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Publisher rating · HIGH