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Elixir protobuf: Unbounded recursion depth in embedded-message decoding

CVSS 4.0 8.2 HIGHCheck source for fixed versionsKEV status unknown

cve-program · CVE-2026-54451

Published

Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1.

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Affected versions, risk and source history

cve-program · CVE-2026-54451

Published

protobuf

Vendor product

Publisher's version information

Shown as published. These rules are not interpreted as NuGet package version ranges.

{
                    "vendor": "elixir-protobuf",
                    "product": "protobuf",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": ">= 0.8.0, < 0.16.1",
                            "status": "affected"
                        }
                    ]
                }

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Sources read 12 Nov 23:52 UTC · 273 of 275 readable · 271 fully read · documentation 469/469 current