Waline login accepts a non-string email as a match-all MongoDB query

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

Waline is a comment system with backend support. Prior to version 1.41.1, the login endpoint POST /api/token reads the email field from the request body without checking its type and passes it straight into the MongoDB storage query. When email is not a string (for example a JSON object such as {"$ne": null}), the MongoDB storage adapter's parseWhere silently DROPS the field rather than rejecting the request, producing an empty filter that matches ALL users. The endpoint then verifies the submitted password against the FIRST user returned (user[0]), which in Waline is the first-registered user — the site administrator. This is a PARTIAL authentication bypass, not a full one. The attacker still needs a valid password for that first user; this is not a zero-knowledge bypass and it does not disclose passwords. Its concrete effects are: (1) the email/identifier factor is removed for the administrator account, (2) user enumeration (a non-string email never fails the "no such user" branch), and (3) credential-stuffing amplification — an attacker can test a leaked or weak password against the administrator account without knowing the administrator's email. This issue has been patched in version 1.41.1.

Source published

28 Oct 2026 12:56:15 UTC

Source modified

28 Oct 2026 12:56:15 UTC

Observed here

28 Oct 2026 13:46:48 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Waline is a comment system with backend support. Prior to version 1.41.1, the login endpoint POST /api/token reads the email field from the request body without checking its type and passes it straight into the MongoDB storage query. When email is not a string (for example a JSON object such as {"$ne": null}), the MongoDB storage adapter's parseWhere silently DROPS the field rather than rejecting the request, producing an empty filter that matches ALL users. The endpoint then verifies the submitted password against the FIRST user returned (user[0]), which in Waline is the first-registered user — the site administrator. This is a PARTIAL authentication bypass, not a full one. The attacker still needs a valid password for that first user; this is not a zero-knowledge bypass and it does not disclose passwords. Its concrete effects are: (1) the email/identifier factor is removed for the administrator account, (2) user enumeration (a non-string email never fails the "no such user" branch), and (3) credential-stuffing amplification — an attacker can test a leaked or weak password against the administrator account without knowing the administrator's email. This issue has been patched in version 1.41.1.

Source published

Oct 28, 2026, 12:56:15 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Oct 28, 2026, 12:56:15 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

31 Oct 2026 03:47:38 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Waline is a comment system with backend support. Prior to version 1.41.1, the login endpoint POST /api/token reads the email field from the request body without checking its type and passes it straight into the MongoDB storage query. When email is not a string (for example a JSON object such as {"$ne": null}), the MongoDB storage adapter's parseWhere silently DROPS the field rather than rejecting the request, producing an empty filter that matches ALL users. The endpoint then verifies the submitted password against the FIRST user returned (user[0]), which in Waline is the first-registered user — the site administrator. This is a PARTIAL authentication bypass, not a full one. The attacker still needs a valid password for that first user; this is not a zero-knowledge bypass and it does not disclose passwords. Its concrete effects are: (1) the email/identifier factor is removed for the administrator account, (2) user enumeration (a non-string email never fails the "no such user" branch), and (3) credential-stuffing amplification — an attacker can test a leaked or weak password against the administrator account without knowing the administrator's email. This issue has been patched in version 1.41.1.

Source published

28 Oct 2026 13:17:08 UTC

Source modified

28 Oct 2026 15:24:56 UTC

Observed here

29 Oct 2026 03:27:18 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 6.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

## Summary The login endpoint POST /api/token reads the `email` field from the request body without checking its type and passes it straight into the MongoDB storage query. When `email` is not a string (for example a JSON object such as {"$ne": null}), the MongoDB storage adapter's parseWhere silently DROPS the field rather than rejecting the request, producing an empty filter that matches ALL users. The endpoint then verifies the submitted password against the FIRST user returned (user[0]), which in Waline is the first-registered user — the site administrator. This is a PARTIAL authentication bypass, not a full one. The attacker still needs a valid password for that first user; this is not a zero-knowledge bypass and it does not disclose passwords. Its concrete effects are: (1) the email/identifier factor is removed for the administrator account, (2) user enumeration (a non-string email never fails the "no such user" branch), and (3) credential-stuffing amplification — an attacker can test a leaked or weak password against the administrator account without knowing the administrator's email. ## Details Untyped input — packages/server/src/controller/token.js:17-18: ``` const { email, password, code } = this.post(); const user = await this.modelInstance.select({ email }); ```` `email` comes from the request body with no type check. The storage adapter silently drops a non-string key — packages/server/src/service/storage/mongodb.js, parseWhere(): ``` if (think.isString(where[k])) { filter[parseKey(k)] = { $eq: ... }; continue; } // intended guard if (where[k] === undefined) { ... } if (Array.isArray(where[k]) && where[k][0]) { ... operator handling (IN/LIKE/!=/> ...) } ``` A plain object such as {"$ne": null} is neither a string, undefined, nor an array, so NONE of the branches run and nothing is added to `filter` for `email`. The result is filter = {} -> instance.where({}) -> MongoDB find({}) returns every user. (The array form, e.g. ["!=", ""], is a genuine operator injection that reaches $ne with the same match-all effect.) First user is selected — token.js:22-26: ``` if (think.isEmpty(user) || isVerifyUser || isBannedUser) { return this.fail(); } // match-all -> not empty -> passes const checkPassword = this.checkPassword(password, user[0].password); ``` user[0] is the first record in MongoDB natural (insertion) order, i.e. the earliest-registered user, which in Waline is the administrator. No upstream type validation — packages/server/src/logic/token.js:37-38: ``` async postAction() { await this.useCaptchaCheck(); } ``` The only pre-check is the captcha; there is no isString(email/password) validation. ## Proof of Concept Send a login request whose email is a non-string value: ``` POST /api/token HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: application/json {"email": {"$ne": null}, "password": "<password-to-test>"} ``` - Because `email` is not a string, parseWhere adds nothing for it, so the query filter is {} and MongoDB returns all users. - user[0] — the first-registered user, i.e. the administrator — is selected, and the submitted password is checked against the administrator's hash. - If the password matches (for example via credential stuffing or a known/weak password), the attacker is authenticated as the administrator without ever knowing the administrator's email. - Even when the password does not match, the request confirms that users exist (enumeration) and that the email factor is bypassable. ## Impact An unauthenticated attacker can bypass the email/identifier factor of authentication for the first-registered user (the administrator) and have an arbitrary password checked directly against that account. This: - enables user enumeration; - amplifies credential stuffing against the administrator (no need to know the admin email — a leaked or weak password can be tested directly); - and, when the attacker possesses a valid password for that account (e.g. a reused/breached one), results in administrator login. This is bounded: it is NOT a zero-knowledge authentication bypass, it does NOT reveal passwords, and it targets the first-returned user rather than an arbitrary chosen account. It is rated Medium accordingly. (If exploitation succeeds in logging in, the attacker then holds the administrator session; that downstream impact is conditional on already having a valid password, which is reflected in the High attack complexity rather than in the confidentiality/integrity metrics.) ## Remediation Validate the types of `email` and `password` as strings before they reach the storage query — for example in packages/server/src/logic/token.js postAction(): ``` const { email, password } = this.post(); if (!think.isString(email) || !think.isString(password)) { return this.ctx.throw(400, 'Invalid input type'); } ``` Defense in depth: in mongodb.js parseWhere(), reject (rather than silently drop) a value that is neither a string nor a supported array form, or coerce it to {$eq: String(value)}, so a non-string key can never elide the filter.

Source published

28 Oct 2026 21:17:58 UTC

Source modified

29 Oct 2026 02:56:06 UTC

Observed here

29 Oct 2026 03:25:23 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Publisher rating · MODERATE