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Remote DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ) flow-control assertion failure in libngtcp2

CVSS 3.1 5.9 MEDIUMCheck source for fixed versionsKEV status unknown

cve-program · CVE-2026-55991

Published

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.22.0 up to and including 1.25.1, a remote unauthenticated client can trigger a libngtcp2 assertion (if compiled with assertions on) and terminate the entire Unbound process using a single DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ) connection and one normal DNS query. This is caused by an erroneous error value passed to libngtcp2. When 'ngtcp2_conn_writev_stream()' returns 'NGTCP2_ERR_STREAM_DATA_BLOCKED', Unbound continues to call 'ngtcp2_ccerr_set_application_error()' with a '-1' error value. The 'int' literal '-1' is implicitly converted to the function's 'uint64_t error_code' parameter as '0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF'. The follow-on 'ngtcp2_conn_write_connection_close()' serialises that value as a QUIC variable-length integer; because '2^64-1' exceeds the 62-bit varint ceiling, 'ngtcp2_put_uvarintlen()' fails 'assert(n < 4611686018427387904ULL)' and the whole resolver process aborts. A remote, unauthenticated DoQ client can trigger this deterministically with a single QUIC connection by advertising 'initial_max_stream_data_bidi_local = 1' in its transport parameters and sending one DoQ query without ever reading the stream.

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Affected versions, risk and source history

cve-program · CVE-2026-55991

Published

Unbound

Vendor product

Publisher's version information

Shown as published. These rules are not interpreted as NuGet package version ranges.

{
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "product": "Unbound",
                    "vendor": "NLnet Labs",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "lessThan": "1.25.2",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "1.22.0",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        }
                    ]
                }

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

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Sources read 13 Nov 12:08 UTC · 274 of 275 readable · 272 fully read · documentation 469/469 current