Nuxt - Server-Side Open Redirect via Path-Normalization Bypass in navigateTo

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 contain a server-side open redirect vulnerability in navigateTo that fails to properly validate path-normalized payloads like /..//evil.com and /.//evil.com. Attackers can bypass external-host checks using path-normalization techniques to redirect users to attacker-controlled sites via the Location header or meta-refresh, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Source published

22 Jun 2026 21:04:50 UTC

Source modified

23 Jun 2026 12:12:14 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

CVSS 3.1 · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Source published

22 Jun 2026 21:04:53 UTC

Source modified

23 Jun 2026 13:51:01 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

CVSS 3.1 · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 fail to validate script-capable URLs in the navigateTo open option, allowing client-side script execution. Attackers can supply javascript: URLs through the open parameter to execute arbitrary scripts in the application's origin when user-controlled input is passed to navigateTo.

Source published

22 Jun 2026 21:04:53 UTC

Source modified

23 Jun 2026 15:05:45 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

CVSS 3.1 · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 contain a server-side open redirect vulnerability in navigateTo that fails to properly validate path-normalized payloads like /..//evil.com and /.//evil.com. Attackers can bypass external-host checks using path-normalization techniques to redirect users to attacker-controlled sites via the Location header or meta-refresh, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Source published

Jun 22, 2026, 9:04:50 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Jun 23, 2026, 12:12:14 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

7 Nov 2026 12:35:26 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Source published

Jun 22, 2026, 9:04:53 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Jun 23, 2026, 1:51:01 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

7 Nov 2026 12:36:38 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 fail to validate script-capable URLs in the navigateTo open option, allowing client-side script execution. Attackers can supply javascript: URLs through the open parameter to execute arbitrary scripts in the application's origin when user-controlled input is passed to navigateTo.

Source published

Jun 22, 2026, 9:04:53 PM (timezone not stated)

Source modified

Jun 23, 2026, 3:05:45 PM (timezone not stated)

Observed here

7 Nov 2026 12:36:39 UTC

Source terms

ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 4.0 · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 contain a server-side open redirect vulnerability in navigateTo that fails to properly validate path-normalized payloads like /..//evil.com and /.//evil.com. Attackers can bypass external-host checks using path-normalization techniques to redirect users to attacker-controlled sites via the Location header or meta-refresh, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Source published

22 Jun 2026 22:16:52 UTC

Source modified

25 Oct 2026 23:10:00 UTC

Observed here

27 Oct 2026 15:15:18 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 accept protocol-relative paths such as //evil.com in the reloadNuxtApp function; these pass the script-protocol check but resolve to a cross-origin URL against the current page protocol. Attackers can inject paths like //evil.com to redirect users to attacker-controlled hosts, enabling phishing and OAuth authorization-code theft.

Source published

22 Jun 2026 22:16:52 UTC

Source modified

25 Jun 2026 16:55:20 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 14:19:10 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Nuxt versions 4.0.0 before 4.4.7 and 3.x before 3.21.7 fail to validate script-capable URLs in the navigateTo open option, allowing client-side script execution. Attackers can supply javascript: URLs through the open parameter to execute arbitrary scripts in the application's origin when user-controlled input is passed to navigateTo.

Source published

22 Jun 2026 22:16:52 UTC

Source modified

25 Jun 2026 16:56:19 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 14:19:10 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 5.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 6.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

### Summary Three weaknesses in Nuxt's client-navigation URL handling, all reachable from documented public APIs (`navigateTo` and `reloadNuxtApp`): 1. **(CVE-2026-56326) SSR open redirect in `navigateTo` via path-normalisation bypass.** `navigateTo` decided whether a target was external by inspecting the raw input with `hasProtocol(..., { acceptRelative: true })`. Inputs such as `/..//evil.com`, `/.//evil.com`, `/%2e%2e//evil.com`, or `/app/..//evil.com` slipped past that check because they start with `/`, but WHATWG URL parsing then normalised them to the protocol-relative pathname `//evil.com`. The normalised value was written to the `Location` response header and into the `<meta http-equiv="refresh">` body of the SSR redirect page, so a victim's browser would resolve the redirect cross-origin to the attacker's host. 2. **(CVE-2026-56698) Client-side script execution via `navigateTo({ open: ... })`.** The client-side early-open handler called `window.open(toPath, ...)` without applying the `isScriptProtocol` check that gates the normal `navigateTo` path. A target of `javascript:...` (or another script-capable scheme) passed to `navigateTo(url, { open: { ... } })` therefore executed in the application's origin instead of being rejected. 3. **(CVE-2026-56697) Open redirect in `reloadNuxtApp` via protocol-relative bypass.** `reloadNuxtApp({ path })` rejects script-capable protocols by parsing the path with `new URL(path, window.location.href)` and checking the resolved `protocol` against `isScriptProtocol`. Protocol-relative paths such as `//evil.com` resolve to the current page's protocol (`https:`), which passes that check; the value is then assigned to `window.location.href`, which the browser treats as a cross-origin redirect. This is the same protocol-relative bypass family as (1), in a different sink. ### Impact For (1), the practical risk is phishing or OAuth-code theft against any Nuxt app that forwards user-controlled input (for example a `?next=` query parameter on a login route) into `navigateTo` on the server. The framework documents that `navigateTo` blocks external hosts unless `external: true` is passed, so maintainers commonly rely on it as the safe path for post-login redirects. For (2), any app that passes a user-controlled URL into `navigateTo(url, { open: { ... } })` was vulnerable to reflected XSS in the application's first-party origin. For (3), any app that forwards user-controlled input into `reloadNuxtApp({ path })` could be redirected cross-origin for phishing or OAuth-code theft, even on releases that already shipped the `isScriptProtocol` guard added by [#35115](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35115). ### Patches Fixed in `[email protected]` and backported to `[email protected]`. The three sinks are addressed by: - Path-normalisation bypass in `navigateTo`: - 4.x: commit [`2cce6fb0`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2cce6fb02e621196d56df92e05594e07469b5a6d) - 3.x: commit [`1f2dd5e7`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/1f2dd5e78c77576437138e97671965573c232835) - `navigateTo({ open })` script-protocol guard: - 4.x: [#35206](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/pull/35206) (commit [`3394716d`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/3394716d4a913cba904b028df5338f2aead50032)) - 3.x: commit [`62fc32ed`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/62fc32eddf648b00a3890141e0235d2a222b024d) - Protocol-relative bypass in `reloadNuxtApp`: - 4.x: commit [`e447a793`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/e447a793c47766834f7497f8412a76cd56fd8ee1) - 3.x: commit [`6497d99d`](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/6497d99dd106254abd089f6a263d7773869a343b) ### Workarounds - For (1): validate redirect targets before passing them to `navigateTo`, for example reject any input where `new URL(target, 'http://localhost').pathname` starts with `//`, or only accept a known allow-list of paths. - For (2): reject any user-controlled URL whose protocol is not in an allow-list (typically just `http:` and `https:`) before passing it to `navigateTo({ open: ... })`. - For (3): same shape as (1). Reject paths starting with `//` (or where `new URL(path, window.location.href).host !== window.location.host`) before passing to `reloadNuxtApp({ path })`. ### References - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') - CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') ### Credits Reported by Anthropic / Claude as `ANT-2026-S08HN6DH` through Anthropic's coordinated vulnerability disclosure programme. The `reloadNuxtApp` protocol-relative bypass (sink 3) was independently reported by [@alcls01111](https://github.com/alcls01111) via GitHub's coordinated disclosure flow (`GHSA-w7fp-2cfv-4837`), closed as a duplicate of this advisory.

Source published

16 Jun 2026 13:47:52 UTC

Source modified

3 Oct 2026 05:30:03 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS_V4 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Publisher rating · MODERATE