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Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal

CVSS 4.0 9.3 CRITICALEUVD CVSS 4.0 9.3 CVSS 4.0 · [email protected] · Secondary 9.3 CRITICALCVSS_V4 Publisher rating CRITICALFixed by orval 8.21.0KEV status unknown

cve-program · CVE-2026-71868

Published

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

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euvd · EUVD-2026-62605

Published

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Read the publisher's advisory

nvd · CVE-2026-71868

Published

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.

Read the publisher's advisory

osv · GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6

Published

### Summary Orval's zod schema generation emits the **enum-typed** `default` value as a module-level template literal (`export const …Default = `<default>`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form `v${<code>}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation. ### Details ```ts export const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import ``` Malicious input: an enum-typed property with a `default` of `v${<attacker JS>}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression. Note: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports. ### PoC `reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0. ### Impact Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description. ### Suggested fix Emit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${` if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every `default` position.

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Affected versions, risk and source history

Exploitation and risk

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Advisory history

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11 Nov 2026 16:02:56 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

9 Nov 2026 15:07:49 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

7 Nov 2026 14:23:50 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

5 Nov 2026 13:39:45 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

3 Nov 2026 13:02:46 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

1 Nov 2026 11:59:39 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

30 Oct 2026 11:51:25 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

28 Oct 2026 09:36:47 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

euvd · EUVD-2026-62605 · Published

25 Oct 2026 15:19:03 UTC

Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod sch…

nvd · CVE-2026-71868 · Published

24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC

Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal

osv · GHSA-3575-w9fc-c2j6 · Published

23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC

Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal

cve-program · CVE-2026-71868 · Published

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Sources read 13 Nov 10:02 UTC · 274 of 275 readable · 272 fully read · documentation 469/469 current