GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34rPublished

Next.js: Server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades

Collected exploitation and prediction evidence

CISA KEV is observed exploitation evidence. FIRST EPSS is a dated prediction of exploitation in the next 30 days. Missing scores are unknown. This collector requests predictions only for explicit CVE aliases in the public NuGet archive; Microsoft release views retain their existing prediction scope.

No collected risk observation for these identifiers. This does not establish absence of exploitation or a zero probability.

cve-program · CVE-2026-44578

Published

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 13.4.13 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server to proxy requests to arbitrary internal or external destinations, which may expose internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. Vercel-hosted deployments are not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.

Source published: 13 May 2026 17:01:38 UTC
Source modified: 13 Aug 2026 12:04:23 UTC
Observed here: 23 Oct 2026 15:48:27 UTC
Source terms: CVE Program Terms of Use

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: cve-program · CVE Program Terms of Use. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · 8.6 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

euvd · EUVD-2026-30080

Published

EUVD source date text has no stated timezone and is retained without inventing a UTC instant. Related bulletin membership is not an alias, common cause or applicability claim. A missing vector with a zero score is treated as unrated. Complete vendor/product and underlying source evidence remains in the original JSON.

Original publisher date fields

datePublished: May 13, 2026, 5:01:38 PM

dateUpdated: Aug 13, 2026, 12:04:23 PM

5 related source bulletins · separate from aliases

RHSA-2026:34608: Red Hat Security Advisory: Streams for Apache Kafka 2.9.4 release and security update

CVE-2024-29371 · CVE-2025-13465 · CVE-2025-58056 · CVE-2026-1002 · CVE-2026-4800 · CVE-2026-6860 · CVE-2026-23864 · CVE-2026-24281 · CVE-2026-24308 · CVE-2026-27980 · CVE-2026-33870 · CVE-2026-33871 · CVE-2026-34480 · CVE-2026-39852 · CVE-2026-41240 · CVE-2026-42044 · CVE-2026-42583 · CVE-2026-42587 · CVE-2026-44249 · CVE-2026-44573 · CVE-2026-44574 · CVE-2026-44575 · CVE-2026-44577 · CVE-2026-44578 · CVE-2026-44579 · CVE-2026-44893 · CVE-2026-45109 · CVE-2026-45416 · CVE-2026-45674 · CVE-2026-47691 · CVE-2026-48043 · CVE-2026-48059 · CVE-2026-50010 · CVE-2026-50559

RHSA-2026:40974: Red Hat Security Advisory: RHTAS 1.3.6 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release

CVE-2026-39828 · CVE-2026-39829 · CVE-2026-39830 · CVE-2026-39831 · CVE-2026-39835 · CVE-2026-42151 · CVE-2026-42154 · CVE-2026-44573 · CVE-2026-44574 · CVE-2026-44575 · CVE-2026-44577 · CVE-2026-44578 · CVE-2026-44579 · CVE-2026-45109 · CVE-2026-46597

RHSA-2026:54435: Red Hat Security Advisory: Streams for Apache Kafka 3.2.1 release and security update

CVE-2026-6860 · CVE-2026-10051 · CVE-2026-15075 · CVE-2026-15076 · CVE-2026-16308 · CVE-2026-27145 · CVE-2026-32283 · CVE-2026-33811 · CVE-2026-34478 · CVE-2026-34480 · CVE-2026-34481 · CVE-2026-35554 · CVE-2026-39821 · CVE-2026-39852 · CVE-2026-40983 · CVE-2026-40984 · CVE-2026-42504 · CVE-2026-42578 · CVE-2026-42579 · CVE-2026-42581 · CVE-2026-42583 · CVE-2026-42584 · CVE-2026-42587 · CVE-2026-44249 · CVE-2026-44573 · CVE-2026-44574 · CVE-2026-44575 · CVE-2026-44577 · CVE-2026-44578 · CVE-2026-44579 · CVE-2026-44893 · CVE-2026-45109 · CVE-2026-45416 · CVE-2026-45674 · CVE-2026-47691 · CVE-2026-48043 · CVE-2026-48059 · CVE-2026-49978 · CVE-2026-50193 · CVE-2026-50559 · CVE-2026-54512 · CVE-2026-54513 · CVE-2026-55225 · CVE-2026-55831 · CVE-2026-55833 · CVE-2026-56745 · CVE-2026-56746 · CVE-2026-56819 · CVE-2026-59869 · CVE-2026-59899 · CVE-2026-59901 · CVE-2026-64641 · CVE-2026-64644 · CVE-2026-64645 · CVE-2026-64646 · CVE-2026-64648 · CVE-2026-64649 · CVE-2026-69153

RHSA-2026:37272: Red Hat Security Advisory: RHTAS 1.4.2 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release

CVE-2025-71319 · CVE-2026-39828 · CVE-2026-39829 · CVE-2026-39830 · CVE-2026-39835 · CVE-2026-42151 · CVE-2026-42570 · CVE-2026-44573 · CVE-2026-44574 · CVE-2026-44575 · CVE-2026-44577 · CVE-2026-44578 · CVE-2026-44579 · CVE-2026-45109 · CVE-2026-45736 · CVE-2026-48779

WID-SEC-W-2026-1401: Vercel Next.js: Mehrere Schwachstellen

CVE-2026-23870 · CVE-2026-44572 · CVE-2026-44573 · CVE-2026-44574 · CVE-2026-44575 · CVE-2026-44576 · CVE-2026-44577 · CVE-2026-44578 · CVE-2026-44579 · CVE-2026-44580 · CVE-2026-44581 · CVE-2026-44582

Source published: May 13, 2026, 5:01:38 PM (timezone not stated)
Source modified: Aug 13, 2026, 12:04:23 PM (timezone not stated)
Observed here: 28 Oct 2026 06:08:27 UTC
Source terms: ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: euvd · ENISA EUVD · source terms and attribution apply. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

EUVD CVSS 3.1 · 8.6 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd · CVE-2026-44578

Published

NVD analysis and CPE criteria are source context, not proof that a package or your environment is affected. Complete affected data, logical configurations and SSVC are retained in the original JSON.

Source analysis status: Modified

Weakness classifications: CWE-918

Original publisher date fields

published: 2026-05-13T18:16:17.990

lastModified: 2026-10-26T14:10:00.130

1 source CPE criteria · context only

cpe:2.3:a:vercel:next.js:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

The original JSON retains the logical configuration operators, exclusions and version bounds.

Source published: 13 May 2026 18:16:17 UTC
Source modified: 26 Oct 2026 14:10:00 UTC
Observed here: 27 Oct 2026 11:12:17 UTC
Source terms: NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: nvd · NIST NVD usage terms; underlying source attribution retained. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS 3.1 · [email protected] · Secondary · 8.6 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS 3.1 · 0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c · Secondary · 8.6 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

osv · GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r

Published

### Impact Self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server to proxy requests to arbitrary internal or external destinations, which may expose internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. Vercel-hosted deployments are not affected. ### Fix We now apply the same safety checks to WebSocket upgrade handling that already existed for normal HTTP requests, so upgrade requests are only proxied when routing has explicitly marked them as safe external rewrites. ### Workarounds If you cannot upgrade immediately, do not expose the origin server directly to untrusted networks. If WebSocket upgrades are not required, block them at your reverse proxy or load balancer, and restrict origin egress to internal networks and metadata services where possible.

Source published: 11 May 2026 15:55:15 UTC
Source modified: 10 Sep 2026 03:50:46 UTC
Observed here: 24 Oct 2026 13:17:17 UTC
Source terms: GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0

Original source record · Cite this exact observation · Complete original publisher JSON

This view projects the publisher's source fields for reading; the original JSON retains additional fields and CVE enrichment containers. Attribution: osv · GitHub Advisory Database · CC-BY-4.0. Source text is retained; field grouping and change labels are provided by ChangeIntel.

CVSS_V3 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

Publisher rating · HIGH